I’m using the convention of ½ to output fractions to my page but it seems like ⅓ isn’t rendering and is showing up literally as “⅓” on the page instead of 1/3. I’ve tried googling a bit and have come up empty.
Here’s what I’ve tried:
Using different font
Not specifying the font at all so the browser just uses the default
Verifying that the fraction even works by using another markdown engine (in this case it was Github). As far as I can see ⅓ is supposed to render to 1/3.
Any help is greatly appreciated.
rdyar
September 28, 2022, 11:43pm
2
I don’t understand - what do you want it to show up as? do you have an example of what you want it to show as?
is there a public page to see what you have done?
Sorry, looks like it even works in this forum.
Here’s a screenshot from the webpage
Webpage itself, live: Cookbook | Penne alla Vodka
Github: GitHub - deadbody13/deadbody13.github.io: Cookbook website
What I’m trying to do is get ⅓
to be ⅓ but for some reason it’s not really playing well.
rdyar
September 29, 2022, 1:32am
4
interesting, I would assume this is a markdown parser issue.
Have you tried using ⅓ directly in the md file? I think as long as everything is UTF8 it would work?
I think this is the issue you are seeing:
opened 08:00PM - 30 Oct 21 UTC
closed 04:24PM - 01 May 22 UTC
## My Environment
| Software | Version(s) |
| ---------------- | ---… ------- |
| Operating System | |
| `jekyll` | Latest |
| `github-pages` | Latest |
---
## Expected Behaviour
HTML and SGML entities should be passed through. Entities unknown to jekyll should not be modified.
<br/><br/>
## Current Behavior
HTML and SGML entities unknown to Jekyll appear to be represented as literals by commenting out their ampersand as `&`. This was discovered because the platform is missing one that I just tried to use.

I tried several themes; same results each. And then I remembered that 1/3 was actually added in HTML5, so I tried `𝔽`, another entity that was added in HTML5; it's borked too.
Yes, they're borked outside of tables. Yes, they work as expected on Github proper.
So I tried &ename;, which is valid in xhtml and xml, but not html. Same thing: no bueno.
So next I tried one of the really gross corners of HTML. Some of the entities ***changed*** between HTML4.01 and HTML5. By example, `⟨` in HTML4.01 refers to `U+27E8 left-pointing angle bracket`, which is a mistake. Left-pointing angle bracket is a French quote mark, not the expected math bracket symbol. This was repaired, in HTML5, to point to `U+2329 LeftAngleBracket`.
And ... and you're emitting the entity, so it gets interpreted by the browser as HTML5, not HTML4. So it's a mixed bag: you can use anything known by 4.01, but you will get results from your browser, which at this point will fairly universally be whatwg 5. So that's fun.
Similar things happened with the card suits, the lozenge math symbol, the math ceiling and floor operators, the math bottom tack operator, the math circled-plus and circled-times, the logical subset superset subset-eq superset-eq, the geometry approx-eq thick-approx ne leq geq congruent similar therefore wedge vee angle prop-to, etc; there's maybe 200 total.
There is exactly one entity in XHTML that isn't in HTML4.01: `'`. (It's in HTML5 though.) This becomes a useful test case. Jekyll renders it correctly.
And then, what about the weird HTML5 upper-case variants, eg `&`, or the lowercases like `Å`? Github's UI renders them, yours doesn't.
What about the HTML5 non-official pseudo-standards, like `⃜`? Github honors them (this surprises me a little bit,) and you do not.
My current suspicion is that all non-HTML5 entities fail in Jekyll, but that all HTML5 replaced entities emerge as HTML5.
Some of the HTML5 entities don't suck. This is the complete list of HTML5 entities, as characters (tab and newline are missing but exist.) I tried half a dozen of these; none of the ones I tried worked.
! # $ % ( ) * + , . / : ; = ? @ [ \ ] ^ _ ` { | } Ā ā Ă ă Ą ą Ć ć Ĉ ĉ Ċ ċ Č č Ď ď Đ đ Ē ē Ė ė Ę ę Ě ě Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ġ ġ Ģ Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ĩ ĩ Ī ī Į į İ ı IJ ij Ĵ ĵ Ķ ķ ĸ Ĺ ĺ Ļ ļ Ľ ľ Ŀ ŀ Ł ł Ń ń Ņ ņ Ň ň ʼn Ŋ ŋ Ō ō Ő ő Ŕ ŕ Ŗ ŗ Ř ř Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Ş ş Ţ ţ Ť ť Ŧ ŧ Ũ ũ Ū ū Ŭ ŭ Ů ů Ű ű Ų ų Ŵ ŵ Ŷ ŷ Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž Ƶ ǵ ȷ ˇ ˘ ˙ ˚ ˛ ˝ ̑ ϕ Ϝ ϝ ϰ ϱ ϵ ϶ Ё Ђ Ѓ Є Ѕ І Ї Ј Љ Њ Ћ Ќ Ў Џ А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ё ђ ѓ є ѕ і ї ј љ њ ћ ќ ў џ ‐ ― ‖ ‥ ‱ ‴ ‵ ⁁ ⁃ ⁏ ⁗ ℂ ℅ ℊ ℋ ℌ ℍ ℎ ℏ ℐ ℒ ℓ ℕ № ℗ ℙ ℚ ℛ ℝ ℞ ℤ ℧ ℨ ℩ ℬ ℭ ℯ ℰ ℱ ℳ ℴ ℶ ℷ ℸ ⅅ ⅆ ⅇ ⅈ ⅓ ⅔ ⅕ ⅖ ⅗ ⅘ ⅙ ⅚ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞ ↕ ↖ ↗ ↘ ↙ ↚ ↛ ↝ ↞ ↟ ↠ ↡ ↢ ↣ ↤ ↥ ↦ ↧ ↩ ↪ ↫ ↬ ↭ ↮ ↰ ↱ ↲ ↳ ↶ ↷ ↺ ↻ ↼ ↽ ↾ ↿ ⇀ ⇁ ⇂ ⇃ ⇄ ⇅ ⇆ ⇇ ⇈ ⇉ ⇊ ⇋ ⇌ ⇍ ⇎ ⇏ ⇕ ⇖ ⇗ ⇘ ⇙ ⇚ ⇛ ⇝ ⇤ ⇥ ⇵ ⇽ ⇾ ⇿ ∁ ∄ ∌ ∐ ∓ ∔ ∖ ∘ ∟ ∡ ∢ ∣ ∤ ∥ ∦ ∬ ∭ ∮ ∯ ∰ ∱ ∲ ∳ ∵ ∶ ∷ ∸ ∺ ∻ ∽ ∾ ∿ ≀ ≁ ≂ ≃ ≄ ≆ ≇ ≉ ≊ ≋ ≌ ≍ ≎ ≏ ≐ ≑ ≒ ≓ ≔ ≕ ≖ ≗ ≙ ≚ ≜ ≟ ≢ ≦ ≧ ≨ ≩ ≪ ≫ ≬ ≭ ≮ ≯ ≰ ≱ ≲ ≳ ≴ ≵ ≶ ≷ ≸ ≹ ≺ ≻ ≼ ≽ ≾ ≿ ⊀ ⊁ ⊈ ⊉ ⊊ ⊋ ⊍ ⊎ ⊏ ⊐ ⊑ ⊒ ⊓ ⊔ ⊖ ⊘ ⊙ ⊚ ⊛ ⊝ ⊞ ⊟ ⊠ ⊡ ⊢ ⊣ ⊤ ⊧ ⊨ ⊩ ⊪ ⊫ ⊬ ⊭ ⊮ ⊯ ⊰ ⊲ ⊳ ⊴ ⊵ ⊶ ⊷ ⊸ ⊹ ⊺ ⊻ ⊽ ⊾ ⊿ ⋀ ⋁ ⋂ ⋃ ⋄ ⋆ ⋇ ⋈ ⋉ ⋊ ⋋ ⋌ ⋍ ⋎ ⋏ ⋐ ⋑ ⋒ ⋓ ⋔ ⋕ ⋖ ⋗ ⋘ ⋙ ⋚ ⋛ ⋞ ⋟ ⋠ ⋡ ⋢ ⋣ ⋦ ⋧ ⋨ ⋩ ⋪ ⋫ ⋬ ⋭ ⋮ ⋯ ⋰ ⋱ ⋲ ⋳ ⋴ ⋵ ⋶ ⋷ ⋹ ⋺ ⋻ ⋼ ⋽ ⋾ ⌅ ⌆ ⌌ ⌍ ⌎ ⌏ ⌐ ⌒ ⌓ ⌕ ⌖ ⌜ ⌝ ⌞ ⌟ ⌢ ⌣ ⌭ ⌮ ⌶ ⌽ ⌿ ⍼ ⎰ ⎱ ⎴ ⎵ ⎶ ⏜ ⏝ ⏞ ⏟ ⏢ ⏧ ␣ Ⓢ ─ │ ┌ ┐ └ ┘ ├ ┤ ┬ ┴ ┼ ═ ║ ╒ ╓ ╔ ╕ ╖ ╗ ╘ ╙ ╚ ╛ ╜ ╝ ╞ ╟ ╠ ╡ ╢ ╣ ╤ ╥ ╦ ╧ ╨ ╩ ╪ ╫ ╬ ▀ ▄ █ ░ ▒ ▓ □ ▪ ▫ ▭ ▮ ▱ △ ▴ ▵ ▸ ▹ ▽ ▾ ▿ ◂ ◃ ○ ◬ ◯ ◸ ◹ ◺ ◻ ◼ ★ ☆ ☎ ♀ ♂ ♪ ♭ ♮ ♯ ✓ ✗ ✠ ✶ ❘ ❲ ❳ ⟈ ⟉ ⟦ ⟧ ⟪ ⟫ ⟬ ⟭ ⟵ ⟶ ⟷ ⟸ ⟹ ⟺ ⟼ ⟿ ⤂ ⤃ ⤄ ⤅ ⤌ ⤍ ⤎ ⤏ ⤐ ⤑ ⤒ ⤓ ⤖ ⤙ ⤚ ⤛ ⤜ ⤝ ⤞ ⤟ ⤠ ⤣ ⤤ ⤥ ⤦ ⤧ ⤨ ⤩ ⤪ ⤳ ⤵ ⤶ ⤷ ⤸ ⤹ ⤼ ⤽ ⥅ ⥈ ⥉ ⥊ ⥋ ⥎ ⥏ ⥐ ⥑ ⥒ ⥓ ⥔ ⥕ ⥖ ⥗ ⥘ ⥙ ⥚ ⥛ ⥜ ⥝ ⥞ ⥟ ⥠ ⥡ ⥢ ⥣ ⥤ ⥥ ⥦ ⥧ ⥨ ⥩ ⥪ ⥫ ⥬ ⥭ ⥮ ⥯ ⥰ ⥱ ⥲ ⥳ ⥴ ⥵ ⥶ ⥸ ⥹ ⥻ ⥼ ⥽ ⥾ ⥿ ⦅ ⦆ ⦋ ⦌ ⦍ ⦎ ⦏ ⦐ ⦑ ⦒ ⦓ ⦔ ⦕ ⦖ ⦚ ⦜ ⦝ ⦤ ⦥ ⦦ ⦧ ⦨ ⦩ ⦪ ⦫ ⦬ ⦭ ⦮ ⦯ ⦰ ⦱ ⦲ ⦳ ⦴ ⦵ ⦶ ⦷ ⦹ ⦻ ⦼ ⦾ ⦿ ⧀ ⧁ ⧂ ⧃ ⧄ ⧅ ⧉ ⧍ ⧎ ⧏ ⧐ ⧜ ⧝ ⧞ ⧣ ⧤ ⧥ ⧫ ⧴ ⧶ ⨀ ⨁ ⨂ ⨄ ⨆ ⨌ ⨍ ⨐ ⨑ ⨒ ⨓ ⨔ ⨕ ⨖ ⨗ ⨢ ⨣ ⨤ ⨥ ⨦ ⨧ ⨩ ⨪ ⨭ ⨮ ⨯ ⨰ ⨱ ⨳ ⨴ ⨵ ⨶ ⨷ ⨸ ⨹ ⨺ ⨻ ⨼ ⨿ ⩀ ⩂ ⩃ ⩄ ⩅ ⩆ ⩇ ⩈ ⩉ ⩊ ⩋ ⩌ ⩍ ⩐ ⩓ ⩔ ⩕ ⩖ ⩗ ⩘ ⩚ ⩛ ⩜ ⩝ ⩟ ⩦ ⩪ ⩭ ⩮ ⩯ ⩰ ⩱ ⩲ ⩳ ⩴ ⩵ ⩷ ⩸ ⩹ ⩺ ⩻ ⩼ ⩽ ⩾ ⩿ ⪀ ⪁ ⪂ ⪃ ⪄ ⪅ ⪆ ⪇ ⪈ ⪉ ⪊ ⪋ ⪌ ⪍ ⪎ ⪏ ⪐ ⪑ ⪒ ⪓ ⪔ ⪕ ⪖ ⪗ ⪘ ⪙ ⪚ ⪝ ⪞ ⪟ ⪠ ⪡ ⪢ ⪤ ⪥ ⪦ ⪧ ⪨ ⪩ ⪪ ⪫ ⪬ ⪭ ⪮ ⪯ ⪰ ⪳ ⪴ ⪵ ⪶ ⪷ ⪸ ⪹ ⪺ ⪻ ⪼ ⪽ ⪾ ⪿ ⫀ ⫁ ⫂ ⫃ ⫄ ⫅ ⫆ ⫇ ⫈ ⫋ ⫌ ⫏ ⫐ ⫑ ⫒ ⫓ ⫔ ⫕ ⫖ ⫗ ⫘ ⫙ ⫚ ⫛ ⫤ ⫦ ⫧ ⫨ ⫩ ⫫ ⫬ ⫭ ⫮ ⫯ ⫰ ⫱ ⫲ ⫳ ⫽ ff fi fl ffi ffl 𝒜 𝒞 𝒟 𝒢 𝒥 𝒦 𝒩 𝒪 𝒫 𝒬 𝒮 𝒯 𝒰 𝒱 𝒲 𝒳 𝒴 𝒵 𝒶 𝒷 𝒸 𝒹 𝒻 𝒽 𝒾 𝒿 𝓀 𝓁 𝓂 𝓃 𝓅 𝓆 𝓇 𝓈 𝓉 𝓊 𝓋 𝓌 𝓍 𝓎 𝓏 𝔄 𝔅 𝔇 𝔈 𝔉 𝔊 𝔍 𝔎 𝔏 𝔐 𝔑 𝔒 𝔓 𝔔 𝔖 𝔗 𝔘 𝔙 𝔚 𝔛 𝔜 𝔞 𝔟 𝔠 𝔡 𝔢 𝔣 𝔤 𝔥 𝔦 𝔧 𝔨 𝔩 𝔪 𝔫 𝔬 𝔭 𝔮 𝔯 𝔰 𝔱 𝔲 𝔳 𝔴 𝔵 𝔶 𝔷 𝔸 𝔹 𝔻 𝔼 𝔽 𝔾 𝕀 𝕁 𝕂 𝕃 𝕄 𝕆 𝕊 𝕋 𝕌 𝕍 𝕎 𝕏 𝕐 𝕒 𝕓 𝕔 𝕕 𝕖 𝕗 𝕘 𝕙 𝕚 𝕛 𝕜 𝕝 𝕞 𝕟 𝕠 𝕡 𝕢 𝕣 𝕤 𝕥 𝕦 𝕧 𝕨 𝕩 𝕪 𝕫 <⃒ =⃥ >⃒ fj ↝̸ ∂̸ ∠⃒ ∩︀ ∪︀ ∼⃒ ∽̱ ∾̳ ≂̸ ≋̸ ≍⃒ ≎̸ ≏̸ ≐̸ ≡⃥ ≤⃒ ≥⃒ ≦̸ ≧̸ ≨︀ ≩︀ ≪̸ ≪⃒ ≫̸ ≫⃒ ≿̸ ⊂⃒ ⊃⃒ ⊊︀ ⊋︀ ⊏̸ ⊐̸ ⊓︀ ⊔︀ ⊴⃒ ⊵⃒ ⋘̸ ⋙̸ ⋚︀ ⋛︀ ⋵̸ ⋹̸ ⤳̸ ⧏̸ ⧐̸ ⩭̸ ⩰̸ ⩽̸ ⩾̸ ⪡̸ ⪢̸ ⪬︀ ⪭︀ ⪯̸ ⪰̸ ⫅̸ ⫆̸ ⫋︀ ⫌︀ ⫽⃥
<br/><br/>
## Code Sample
```html
⅓
```
[Place this in a readme.md](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StoneCypher/jekyll_one_third_entity_test_case/main/README.md) `(example)` with github pages turned on and pointed at root main. Any theme, including none, will do.
[In the Github UI](https://github.com/StoneCypher/jekyll_one_third_entity_test_case/blob/main/README.md) `(example)`, this will render [the 1/3 unicode symbol](https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+2153) `U+2153` as expected.
[In the Github Pages render, you will get `⅓` instead.](https://stonecypher.github.io/jekyll_one_third_entity_test_case/) `(example)`
All HTML5 entities I tried resulted in equivalent failures.
[Here is a test list of entities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references). It is useful to sort the table by the `standard` column.
This looks almost exactly like what I’m experiencing. All of this is written directly to the markdown file and what’s curious is that if I run it through pandoc and output to an HTML file it works without complaining. It’s even more curious that it seems to only have problems with ⅓
.
I appreciate you pointing me to this thread. I’ll explore it tomorrow to see what workarounds there are.
rdyar
September 29, 2022, 2:44am
6
I did a test and just using ⅓ directly in a md file worked fine for me on GH pages.
This could be a limitation of kramdown
.
My local tests shows that kramdown only renders ½ ¼ and ¾ correctly with Jekyll’s default configuration.
You may need to reach out GitHub - gettalong/kramdown: kramdown is a fast, pure Ruby Markdown superset converter, using a strict syntax definition and supporting several common extensions. for further assistance.
Yeah, it looks like this has nothing to do with Jekyll and is almost all due to a Kramdown bug. I might see if there’s a workaround, I like being able to use the ⅓
notation but if I can’t find a way around it I guess it can’t be helped.
I just found my workaround it seems. I left Kramdown for CommonMarkGhPages.
Changes
# _config.yml
# change markdown processor
markdown: CommonMarkGhPages
# Gemfile
# change jekyll version from 4.2.2 to 3.9.0
gem "jekyll", "~> 3.9.0"
# add plugin
group :jekyll_plugins do
gem 'jekyll-commonmark-ghpages'
end
And then I ran bundle exec jekyll build
.
Pretty sure these are the only changes I made, but now ⅓
renders perfectly to ⅓.
Was Jekyll downgraded from 4.2.2 to 3.9 for this situation or was it for a different situation?
Running bundle exec jekyll build
would throw a Bundler error saying:
Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "jekyll":
In Gemfile:
jekyll (~> 4.2.2)
jekyll-commonmark-ghpages was resolved to 0.2.0, which depends on
jekyll (~> 3.9.0)
so I downgraded it and now it’s working fine… as far as I can tell. I imagine there might be some quirk showing up later on.